Definition of Suprasegmental With Examples

In speech, suprasegmental refers to  a phonological property of more than one sound segment. Also called nonsegmental. As discussed in the examples and observations below, suprasegmental information applies to several different linguistic phenomena (such as pitch, duration, and loudness). Suprasegmentals are often regarded as  the musical aspects of speech. The  term suprasegmental  (referring to functions that are over vowels and consonants) was coined by American structuralists in the 1940s. Examples and Observations The effect of suprasegmentals is easy to illustrate. In talking to a cat, a dog or a baby, you may adopt a particular set of suprasegmentals. Often, when doing this, people adopt a different voice quality, with high pitch register, and protrude their lips and adopt a tongue posture where the tongue body is high and front in the mouth, making the speech sound softer.Suprasegmentals are important for marking all kinds of meanings, in particular speakers attitudes or stances to what they are saying (or the person they are saying it to), and in marking out how one utterance relates to another (e.g. a continuation or a disjunction). Both the forms and functions of suprasegmentals are less tangible than those of consonants and vowels, and they often do not form discrete categories. (Richard Ogden,  An Introduction to English Phonetics. Edinburgh University Press, 2009) Common Suprasegmental Features Vowels and consonants are considered as small segments of the speech, which together form a syllable and make the utterance. Specific features that are superimposed on the utterance of the speech are known as supra-segmental features. Common supra-segmental features are the stress, tone,  and duration in the syllable or word for a continuous speech sequence. Sometimes even harmony and nasalization are also included under this category. Supra-segmental or prosodic features are often used in the context of speech to make it more meaningful and effective. Without supra-segmental features superimposed on the segmental features, a continuous speech can also convey meaning but often loses the effectiveness of the message being conveyed. (Manisha Kulshreshtha at al., Speaker Profiling. Forensic Speaker Recognition: Law Enforcement and Counter-Terrorism, ed. by Amy Neustein and Hemant A. Patil. Springer, 2012) Varieties A very obvious suprasegmental is intonation since an intonation pattern by definition extends over a whole utterance or a sizable piece of an utterance...Less obvious is stress, but not only is stress a property of a whole syllable but the stress level of a syllable can only be determined by comparing it with neighboring syllables which have greater or lesser degrees of stress... The American structuralists also treated juncture phenomena as suprasegmental. Differences in juncture are the reason that night rate does not sound like nitrate, or why choose like white shoes, and why the consonants in the middle of pen-knife and lamp-post are the way they are. Since these items contain essentially the same sequences of segments, the junctural differences have to be described in terms of different juncture placement within sequences of segments. In most of these cases, the phonetic realization of the suprasegmental actually extends over more than one segment, but the key point is that, in all of them, the description of the suprasegmental must involve reference to more than one segment.   (R.L. Trask, Language and Linguistics: The Key  Concepts, 2nd ed., edited by Peter Stockwell. Routledge, 2007) Suprasegmental Information Suprasegmental information is signaled in speech with variations in duration, pitch, and amplitude (loudness). Information like this helps the hearer segment the signal into words, and can even affect lexical searches directly. In English, lexical stress serves to distinguish words from each other...for example, compare trusty and trustee. Not surprisingly, English speakers are attentive to stress patterns during lexical access... Suprasegmental information can be used to identify the location of word boundaries also. In languages like English or Dutch, monosyllabic words are durationally very different than polysyllabic words. For example, the [hà ¦m] in ham has longer duration than it does in hamster. An investigation by Salverda, Dahan, and McQueen (2003) demonstrates that this durational information is actively used by the hearer. (Eva M. Fernà ¡ndez and Helen Smith Cairns, Fundamentals of Psycholinguistics. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Suprasegmental and Prosodic Although the terms suprasegmental and prosodic to a large extent coincide in their scope and reference, it is nevertheless sometimes useful, and desirable, to distinguish them. To begin with, a simple dichotomy segmental vs. suprasegmental does not do justice to the richness of phonological structure above the segment;...this structure is complex, involving a variety of different dimensions, and prosodic features cannot simply be seen as features which are superimposed on segments. More importantly, a distinction can be made between suprasegmental as a mode of description on the one hand and prosodic as a kind of feature on the other. In other words, we may use the term suprasegmental to refer to a particular formalization in which a phonological feature can be analyzed in this way, whether it is prosodic or not. The term prosodic, on the other hand, can be applied to certain features of utterances regardless of how they are formalized; prosodic features can, in principle, be analyzed segmentally as well as suprasegmentally. To give a more concrete example, in some theoretical frameworks features such as nasality or voice may be treated suprasegmentally, as having extended beyond the limits of a single segment. In the usage adopted here, however, such features are not prosodic, even though they may be amenable to suprasegmental analysis.   (Anthony Fox, Prosodic Features and  Prosodic Structure: The Phonology of Suprasegmentals. Oxford University Press, 2000)

The Social Impact of Drug Abuse - 24406 Words

Num ber 2 THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF DRUG ABUSE This study was originally prepared by UNDCP as a position paper for the World Summit for Social Development (Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995) Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter Part one: background I. The drug problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A. B. C. D. E. The global context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Growing plants to produce drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution and illicit trafficking . . .†¦show more content†¦The paper concerns primarily narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances but also includes, where appropriate, information on problems related to the abuse of other addictive substances such as alcohol and tobacco. It is divided into four main sections. Part one describes the nature of the drug problem, in particular the chain of drug production, distribution and consumption. It also provides information on the eco nomics of this chain, including statistics and comparative data by country and geographical area; on how changes in the global economy have affected these developments; and on the monitoring of drug abuse by various agencies. Part two discusses the social impact of drug abuse and its consequences for families, health, education, crime and employment. Part three covers the interaction between drug abuse and development, including efforts by the international community to facilitate economic and social progress in developing countries. Development is addressed in the broad sense of the word, i.e. it comprehends not simply economic development but also sound environmental practices, social conditions and the meeting of basic needs. Part three describes some of the negative consequences that drug abuse and drug trafficking have had. It analyses alternative development in regions that are economically dependent on the illicit drug industry and includes moral and socialShow MoreRelatedPre scription Drugs And The United States1749 Words   |  7 Pages3 billion prescription drugs were dispensed in the United States and Narconon (2015) reports that the decade ending in 2008 saw a four hundred percent increase in people seeking treatment for opioid addiction. Prescription drug abuse is an epidemic that transcends all socioeconomic boundaries in our society and is destroying lives, families, and whole communities, especially those most vulnerable; the physically and mentally ill. 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Digital Communication Systems

Questions: 1. An introduction to IoT and M2M communications including some examples of current or proposed IoT applications. 2. The key components in the Internet of Things (IoT) and M2M, and in particular the role of wireless technologies. 3. Key considerations in the design of wireless technologies for M2M communications. 4. A summary of the main wireless technologies used, proposed, or being developed for provided M2M communications. 5. A Technical overview of 802.11ah. Answer: Introduction Technology has advanced at a rapid rate. With the proper integration of information technology in the lives of human beings, it has become possible to make the lives of human beings much easy. With the help of internet of things, it has become possible to send important data and essential files without the actual movement of human beings from one place (Wang and Zhang, 2012). The internet of things can be described as the interaction of machines and human beings. With the help of this study, the researcher will be able to study about the internet of things in a detailed way. 1. IoT and M2M Communications IoT is represented as the Internet of things that are generally evolved for the creation of the convergence of the multiple technologies that are required for the continuation of the wireless communication process. It is also known as the human centric internet and thus the things are also helpful for the proper communication of the process with the help of the internet (Andreev et al., 2015). The Internet of the things helps in indicating the challenges and the opportunities that are used for delivering the process that are used in the development of the technology. The M2M communications defines to describe the networked devices that are used for delivering the network exchanges by the development of the networked services and thus it also helps in the development of the issues that are related to the actions created by the performance of the humans. The M2M communication is often used for the carrying out the process of the remote monitoring which is usually seen in the product restocking (Theoleyre and Pang, 2013). For example, the distributor can receive the message of a vending machine when a particular item or the product is running low. It also helps in providing the important aspects in the management of the warehouses, remote control, fleet management, telemedicine and the chain management. Thus, it shows the basic forms of the concept for the Io T i.e. the internet of things. 2. Key components of the IoT and M2M The key components of the M2M is generally includes the sensors, RFID and a Wi-Fi or the cellular communication links that are categorised for the development of the proper process (Shih, Wei and Lin, 2016). It shows the improvement of the key components that are required for the proper integration of the software program services that are used for the networking interpretation of the devices and thus, the proper decision making system and the telemetry communication systems are raised by the help of the development of operational data. The key components of the IoT cover the industrial applications that are crucial for the proper management of the devices. It also helps in providing different communications for the different interpretation of the data and the services. Thus the key components represent the communication system, hardware, software, backbone, cloud platform or the data broker, machine learning and the protocols (SeÃÅ' nac, Ott and Seneviratne, 2012). Thus it also helps in the proper enhancement of the platform that helps in the creation of the communication system. Thus these are the key component that are identified in the case of the IoT and the M2M communications that are helpful for carrying out the operations for the technological advancement. Roles of IoT and M2M in Wireless Technology The roles that are played by the case of the development of the technological systems also helps in showing the applications of the IoT and the M2M which are helpful for carrying out the process of the development of the categories (Minoli, 2013). It also helps in the proper enhancement of the hardware modules that are related to the hardware embedding process. The roles of the devices show the detailed information for the usage of the existing features that are required for the growth and the covering of the inherent features of the devices. It also helps in categorising the implementation factors that are essential for the development of the communication systems with the usage of the wireless technology. The roles also focuses on the wireless technology advancement, encryption technologies are used for the process of the data security, creation of the device server gateway and the technological usage which indicates the smart parking of the automobiles, smart home with the usage o f the automatic ordering and the automatic tracking of the health records (Kim, Lee and Lee, 2014). It also helps in the tracking of the locations of the individual pieces of the inventory and it also helps in the improvement of the safety and the security controls. 3. Considerations for Designing the Wireless Technology for M2M Communication The major factors that need to be considered at the time of implementing of internet of things are- Data rate- the rate of data transfer is an important aspect of the internet of things. At the time of implementing of internet of things, it is necessary to understand and determine the rate of data transfer. The data transfer rate determines the speed of the connection (Hersent and Elloumi, 2012). Power consumption- technology requires the consumption of electricity in order to run the different components of the internet. It is very much essential to take the rate of power consumption at the time of installing the systems. The systems should be designed n such a way that the rate of power consumption is minimal. Data periodicity- data periodicity is the frequency at which data is transmitted from the source. In the data periodicity is the factor that determines the interval in which the data is transmitted Data security- When there is an interaction between machine and machine, the data that is being transferred might get modified or stolen. So data security is very much essential. Frequency band- The data is sent via electromagnetic waves. The frequency of the electromagnetic carrier waves is an important factor to be considered (Floerkemeier et al., 2008). Portable or fixed- At the time of installing the setup, it is necessary to determine whether the setup for data interaction is potable or fixed Real time or offline- The data retrieval can be of two types- real time or offline. The administrator should decide the most suitable data retrieval system Dependence on other for QoS- It is very much essential to take into consideration the third party service providers who provide internet at the time of emergency. 4. Summary of the Main Wireless Technologies Proposed or Developed for Provided M2M Connections The main proposed wireless technologies for the M2M connections are- IEEE 802.15.4- This technology also called ZigBee is catching the trend among wireless service providers. The main feature of this technology is that the requirement of power is much less and the cost is also very less for the installing of the setup. This device has the capability to connect with multiple devices (Boswarthick, Elloumi and Hersent, 2012). IEEE 802.11- Also known as the Wi-Fi, this technology is the most common wireless technology that is being implemented at the present times. With the help of this technology, it has become possible to connect to large number of devices without much problem. The cost of the device is quite low and the device is also power efficient IEEE 802.15.1- Commonly known as Bluetooth, this device is also very popular. This device is a low range high speed data transfer device that is found in many mobile devices IEEE 802.16- The Li-Max technology also commonly known as LTE is a widely used technology that has the maximum data transfer rate of 30-40 Mbps. This is the fastest mobile data connection that is existent in the world (Coleman and Westcott, 2012). Li-Fi- The most recent developments in the fields of wireless communications is the Li-Fi. This also follows the same technology as that of the Wi-Fi using IEEE 802.11 technology. This is the fastest wireless connection existent in the world.00 5. Technical Overview of 802.11ah The overview of the 802.11ah denotes the baseline design that creates the changes and the variations of the bandwidth. The range of the support is depicted as the support range of about 1kilometer radius. The mode speed of the environment is depicted as the 150kbps which depicts the double guard interval and also helps in the creation of the longer time period. The time period levels are depicted as the CCA levels that can be divided into two types that are Type 1-predominantly used for the sensors STAs and the Type 2- predominantly used for the non-sensor STAs (Aust, 2014). It shows the extended range of the Wi-Fi applications up to 11ah and thus the range can be fully described in creation to the variability of the areas. The features that are consisted by the 802.11ah MAC are the reduction of the active time Tx/Rx, increment of the standby time, reduction of the channel across the time with the process of the pseudo-scheduling and the grouping stations. Conclusion With the proper linking of internet and technology in the lives of human beings, the lives of humans have become not only easy but have also sped up. The internet of things has helped people to communicate and interact in a much easy and effective manner. This study has helped the researcher to understand the important components internet of things. References Andreev, S., Galinina, O., Pyattaev, A., Gerasimenko, M., Tirronen, T., Torsner, J., Sachs, J., Dohler, M. and Koucheryavy, Y. (2015). Understanding the IoT connectivity landscape: a contemporary M2M radio technology roadmap.IEEE Commun. Mag., 53(9), pp.32-40. Aust, S. (2014).Advanced Wireless Local Area Networks in the Unlicensed Sub-1GHz ISM-bands. Boswarthick, D., Elloumi, O. and Hersent, O. (2012).M2M communications. Hoboken, N.J.: ETSI. Coleman, D. and Westcott, D. (2012).CWNA. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Floerkemeier, C., Fleisch, E., Langheinrich, M., Mattern, F. and Sarma, S. (2008).The Internet of Things. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Hersent, O. and Elloumi, O. (2012).M2M Communications. Wiley. Kim, K., Lee, J. and Lee, J. (2014). Energy Efficient and Reliable ARQ Scheme (E $$^2$$ 2 R-ACK) for Mission Critical M2M/IoT Services.Wireless Pers Commun, 78(4), pp.1917-1933. Minoli, D. (2013).Building the Internet of Things with IPv6 and MIPv6. Wiley. SeÃÅ' nac, P., Ott, M. and Seneviratne, A. (2012).Wireless communications and applications. Berlin: Springer. Shih, M., Wei, H. and Lin, G. (2016). Two Paradigms in Cellular IoT Access for Energy-Harvesting M2M Devices: Push-Based Versus Pull-Based.IET Wireless Sensor Systems. Theoleyre, F. and Pang, A. (2013).Internet of things and M2M communications. Aalborg: River Publishers. Wang, Y. and Zhang, X. (2012).Internet of things. Berlin: Springer.

Global Logistics Transport and Distribution Management

Question: Discuss about the Global Logistics Transport and Distribution Management. Answer: Introduction The transport and distribution management department of DHL plays a vital role in developing the potential of the business. DHL is a logistics company operating in 220 countries and territories and they have made a notable presence in the global business of logistics and shipping (DHL Express | Shipping, Tracking and Courier Delivery Services, 2017). The company DHL has achieve various organizational goals with creative operation methods and attractive solutions for their customers. DHL is a part of the worlds leading postal and logistics company Deutsche Post DHL Group (DHL Express | Shipping, Tracking and Courier Delivery Services, 2017). The essay covers the incoterms of DHL, the carrier selection criteria and relationship management process with those carriers of DHL. The DHL use to give express services to its all customers and clients (MyDHL offers solutions for shipping, tracking, billing and more. Sign up as an account holder or new user, 2017). The firm has expertise in international shipping and courier delivery services (DHL Express | Shipping, Tracking and Courier Delivery Services, 2017). The MyDHL offers the customers to use online shipping solutions. Whereas, the Express shipping gives advice to their customers regarding the fuel charges, surcharges, packaging tips, import guidelines and Waybill Tips. All sort of customer support is provided by DHL in all the countries along with Singapore. However, they have various advanced shipping solutions provided by the entire distribution network (DHL | Monitor Shipments | English, 2017). The essay discusses various contemporary objectives of DHL. Incoterms Selection Consideration The study of incoterms selection of DHL needs the supportive theoretical background of Incoterms. The Incoterms are various trade terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) (Waters Rinsler, 2014). The Incoterms are international commercial terms which are used to make international trading easier between two companies operating in two countries. The first Incoterms were developed in the year 1936 and it gets updated every 10 years by ICC. The word Incoterms can be simplifies as in, co and terms, which implies, a contract between two companies with few terms. The terms are classified in 13 terms regarding excise duty and other charges applied by the governments of the two countries regarding the shipment of the goods. The incoterms introduced by ICC can be classified in two types Collect terms and Prepaid terms. The Collect terms are Ex Works (EXW), Free Carrier (FCA), Free On Board (FOB) and Free Alongside Ship (Ocean freight only) (FAS). The prepaid terms are Cost and Freight (Ocean freight only) (CFR), cost Insurance and Freight (Ocean freight only) (CIF), Carriage Paid to (CPT), Carriage and Insurance Paid to (CIP), Delivered at Terminal (DAT), Delivered at Place (DAP), Delivered Duty Paid (DDP). The company DHL uses to provide various customs brokerage services like Import Export Declaration Filling, Security Filling, Duties and taxes advancement and other permits and licensing services to its clients. Along with that, the additional services like Foreign Trade Zone, Bonded Warehouse, Duty Drawback Processing and Fiscal Representations are provided by DHL (DHL | Monitor Shipments | English, 2017). The shipping company DHL has potential in the transport operations. The company has introduced DHL ProView for their clients through the facilities of online tracking services. They offer the real-time shipment assurance for the products (Dhl-usa.com, 2017). The company has achieved the title of global market leader with the unparalleled expertise services to its clients. Along with that, they have always focused on their sustainability. DHL has a very good presence in the Logistics sector of Singapore and other countries (DHL | Press | English, 2017). The strategy of the company is to focus on their goals and connect with their clients in transparent way and grow to the optimum level of service. The company has always focused on the improvement of the lives of their customers (DHL | Press | English, 2017). However, they believe to deliver Joy, Prosperity and Trust among the business clients and the partners. The DHL services assure their clients with the protection value during shipment. The company compensates all the misconducts during the shipping of goods. Along with that, they cover the freight against loss or damage due to any external cause. Whereas, other shipping companies use to overlook these things during transportation (DHL | Press | English, 2017). The company has Ad-hoc protection Policy and Annual Protection Policy. DHL have various freight security services too for their clients. These services are the incoterms chosen by DHL for the overseas clients (DHL | Monitor Shipments | English, 2017). DHL has sufficient transportation capabilities. It is recommended to DHL to improve their services by applying few offers in the payment of custom duties and this will give them competitive advantage in the market (Mangan, Lalwani Lalwani, 2016). Carrier Selection Criteria DHL has achieved the success through various business strategies. The DHL believes that, a transportation company plays a major role in connecting people of two different countries. The vision of DHL is to improve the lives of the people (DHL Express | Shipping, Tracking and Courier Delivery Services, 2017). The service quality of delivering a product is the main criteria to get success in the business. The company DHL uncompromisingly delivers customer centric excellence in day to day business operations. The company focuses to build a better society, happier employees and good relationship with all the investors (DHL Express | Shipping, Tracking and Courier Delivery Services, 2017). The company believes that, knowledge and expertise can connect the people of two organizations. However, every significant step taken by the people of this organization plays a major role in connecting people of the two organizations. DHL works diligently to find new ideas to build and maintain the global family of business in easier way (DHL Express | Shipping, Tracking and Courier Delivery Services, 2017). The organization has started specialized training program for the entire workforce to pursue the goal of connect across organization. In the transportation and shipping business, the safety of the goods is a major factor for the carrier selection. The success of a delivery lies with the safety of the good. DHL always focuses on the safety and security of the goods. For this purpose, the company has started various schemes to support their client in the misconducts in shipping process (DHL | Monitor Shipments | English, 2017). The cost of loss and damage are also be paid by DHL to their clients. Thus, the company draws a potential impact among the criteria of selection of carrier. DHL has established a true security culture in the field of global freight. The company has put an in-house security department (DHL | Monitor Shipments | English, 2017). DHL was the first company who received the Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism from the US Customs and Border Protection Agency. The company has achieved several accreditations as Best Practice by the US authorities (DHL | Monitor Shipments | English, 2017). The company use to manage the freight security through a global incident reporting room. The entire system controls the security of more than 100 locations and forwards the secure approach for every shipment. DHL uses to do various risk assessment to secure all the assets of the clients (DHL | Freight Transportation | English, 2017). For the security purposes, the company has introduced various insurance schemes such as Air Ocean Cargo Insurance, Road Freight Insurance and many more (DHL | Customs Services | English, 2017). The timeliness is a big factor in the shipping business. DHL always focuses on the timeliness of the delivery of each product. The company believes that, the timeliness is a major quality for selection of a carrier (DHL | Customs Services | English, 2017). Though, there are various similar companies who are the competitors of DHL and they also focuses on the timely. To get various competitive advantages among other similar organizations, DHL has introduced the tracking services for all the goods. The tracking services support the customer by enabling them with the power of knowing the status of their assets (DHL | Freight Transportation | English, 2017). The transportation strategies of DHL enable the company to achieve their business goals. However, the company can implement few more features like few promotional offers to compensate misconducts along with guaranteed quality of transport will enhance the performance level of the business (Monczka et al., 2015). Carrier Relationship Management There are various transportation goals of DHL which are discussed in the above discussion. However, the company DHL strategically handles all its measured paths to achieve these goals. The tracking and shipping business is a very crucial and tactical business to be handled by the companies like DHL (DHL | Freight Transportation | English, 2017). The quality service lies with the timelines and safety measures. The target customers of DHL always look for the best carrier in the industry. Thus, the process of choosing one particular company depends on the goals and previous achievements of the organization. Along with relationship building and managing the connection with all the clients are also important (DHL | Monitor Shipments | English, 2017). The company DHL always approaches to build up good connection with all the clients and the business partners. The carriers are the heart of every successful transportation company. Thus, DHL always focus on relationship building with their carriers. The company DHL always give value to its all carrier partners and thus build a very good relationship them (DHL | Monitor Shipments | English, 2017). The core purpose of any logistics business is to provide end-to-end transport support to its clients. Thus, there is a need of trust and reliability among all the carriers and the company (DHL | Monitor Shipments | English, 2017). DHL use to negotiate rates and schedules with their carriers and build faith in their relationship. However, working together needs to have trust and faithfulness on each other. Henceforth relationship builds among the carriers. Along with that, the company DHL provides various technological supports to all its transportations solutions. In this way, DHL supports their carriers with all requirements. All the carriers share the technological solutions for betterment of the services. Apart from that, there is plenty of cooperation among the carriers and the company and its helps in achieving the organizational goals such as timeliness and secure services. The organization DHL has a global presence over 220 countries. Thus, it has a broad network of supply chain. There are various department for each regions (DHL | Freight Transportation | English, 2017). However, there are so many separate division among the 220 countries network chain. Thus, there is a need of cooperation among all the division and departments in the work to maintain the timeliness and other company goals. The company always thrives for the safety and security of the goods they deliver. Through this transportation safety and security they value the relationship between the company and the carriers. However, the safety and security is also necessary for building good relationship with the clients. The carriers of DHL are quite satisfied by working with the company (DHL | Freight Transportation | English, 2017). Along with that, the company DHL supports their carriers by providing all the cost involved in the loss or damage of any good during shipment. This strategy actually lowers the burden of the shipment cost for the carriers and hence they become loyal to DHL and continues with further more businesses (DHL | Monitor Shipments | English, 2017). Conclusion The company DHL has achieved their business goals by doing appropriates approaches to its carriers, business partners and the clients. The company always focused on building good relationship with all their business partners and the clients. Henceforth, they have achieved their targets every time. Presently DHL has become a global leader among all other companies and they have achieved remarkable success due to creative business operations and valuing relationship among each other. The approaches like transport insurances and other various safety and security services has made the company a unique identity among other various transport management companies in Singapore. Though they have operations in other various countries, they have made a better presence in the country Singapore due to better service opportunities in the country and thousands of satisfied customers relying on the organization. References: Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics supply chain management. 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